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Compare Maldives (2002) - Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2005)

Compare Maldives (2002) z Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2005)

 Maldives (2002)Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2005)
 MaldivesAshmore and Cartier Islands
Administrative divisions 19 atolls (atholhu, singular and plural) and 1 other first-order administrative division*; Alifu, Baa, Dhaalu, Faafu, Gaafu Alifu, Gaafu Dhaalu, Gnaviyani, Haa Alifu, Haa Dhaalu, Kaafu, Laamu, Lhaviyani, Maale*, Meemu, Noonu, Raa, Seenu, Shaviyani, Thaa, Vaavu -
Age structure 0-14 years: 45.3% (male 74,493; female 70,394)


15-64 years: 51.7% (male 84,548; female 81,092)


65 years and over: 3% (male 4,944; female 4,694) (2002 est.)		 -
Agriculture - products coconuts, corn, sweet potatoes; fish -
Airports 5 (2001) -
Airports - with paved runways total: 2


over 3,047 m: 1


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2002)		 -
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 3


914 to 1,523 m: 3 (2002)		 -
Area total: 300 sq km


land: 300 sq km


water: 0 sq km		 total: 5 sq km


land: 5 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island
Area - comparative about 1.7 times the size of Washington, DC about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Background The Maldives were long a sultanate, first under Dutch and then under British protection. They became a republic in 1968, three years after independence. Tourism and fishing are being developed on the archipelago. These uninhabited islands came under Australian authority in 1931; formal administration began two years later. Ashmore Reef supports a rich and diverse avian and marine habitat; in 1983, it became a National Nature Reserve. Cartier Island, a former bombing range, is now a marine reserve.
Birth rate 37.41 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) -
Budget revenues: $166 million (excluding foreign grants)


expenditures: $192 million, including capital expenditures of $80 million		 -
Capital Male -
Climate tropical; hot, humid; dry, northeast monsoon (November to March); rainy, southwest monsoon (June to August) tropical
Coastline 644 km 74.1 km
Constitution adopted January 1998 -
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Maldives


conventional short form: Maldives


local long form: Dhivehi Raajjeyge Jumhooriyyaa


local short form: Dhivehi Raajje		 conventional long form: Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands


conventional short form: Ashmore and Cartier Islands
Currency rufiyaa (MVR) -
Death rate 7.86 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) -
Debt - external $237 million (2000 est.) -
Dependency status - territory of Australia; administered by the Australian Department of Transport and Regional Services
Diplomatic representation from the US the US does not have an embassy in Maldives; the US Ambassador to Sri Lanka is accredited to Maldives and makes periodic visits there none (territory of Australia)
Diplomatic representation in the US Maldives does not have an embassy in the US, but does have a Permanent Mission to the UN in New York; permanent representative is Dr. Mohamed LATHEEF none (territory of Australia)
Disputes - international none Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to Ashmore Reef; Australia closed the surrounding waters to Indonesian traditional fishing and created a national park in the region while continuing to prospect for hydrocarbons in the vicinity
Economic aid - recipient $NA -
Economy - overview Tourism, Maldives largest industry, accounts for 20% of GDP and more than 60% of the Maldives' foreign exchange receipts. Over 90% of government tax revenue comes from import duties and tourism-related taxes. Almost 400,000 tourists visited the islands in 1998. Fishing is a second leading sector. The Maldivian Government began an economic reform program in 1989 initially by lifting import quotas and opening some exports to the private sector. Subsequently, it has liberalized regulations to allow more foreign investment. Agriculture and manufacturing continue to play a minor role in the economy, constrained by the limited availability of cultivable land and the shortage of domestic labor. Most staple foods must be imported. Industry, which consists mainly of garment production, boat building, and handicrafts, accounts for about 18% of GDP. Maldivian authorities worry about the impact of erosion and possible global warming on their low-lying country; 80% of the area is one meter or less above sea level. no economic activity
Electricity - consumption 102.3 million kWh (2000) -
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2000) -
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2000) -
Electricity - production 110 million kWh (2000) -
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)		 -
Elevation extremes lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location on Wilingili island in the Addu Atoll 2.4 m		 lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location 3 m
Environment - current issues depletion of freshwater aquifers threatens water supplies; global warming and sea level rise; coral reef bleaching NA
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements		 -
Ethnic groups South Indians, Sinhalese, Arabs -
Exchange rates rufiyaa per US dollar - 11.770 (fixed rate since 1995) -
Executive branch chief of state: President Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM (since 11 November 1978); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM (since 11 November 1978); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president; note - need not be members of Majlis


elections: president nominated by the Majlis and then that nomination must be ratified by a national referendum (at least a 51% approval margin is required); president elected for a five-year term; election last held 16 October 1998 (next to be held NA October 2003)


election results: President Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM reelected; percent of popular vote - Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM 90.9%		 -
Exports $88 million f.o.b. (2000 est.) -
Exports - commodities fish, clothing -
Exports - partners US, UK, Sri Lanka, Japan -
Fiscal year calendar year -
Flag description red with a large green rectangle in the center bearing a vertical white crescent; the closed side of the crescent is on the hoist side of the flag the flag of Australia is used
GDP purchasing power parity - $1.2 billion (2001 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 20%


industry: 18%


services: 62% (2000 est.)		 -
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $3,870 (2001 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 7% (2001 est.) -
Geographic coordinates 3 15 N, 73 00 E 12 14 S, 123 05 E
Geography - note 1,190 coral islands grouped into 26 atolls (200 inhabited islands, plus 80 islands with tourist resorts); archipelago with strategic location astride and along major sea lanes in Indian Ocean Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve established in August 1983
Highways total: NA km


paved: NA km


unpaved: NA km; note - Male has 9.6 km of coral highways within the city (1988 est.)		 -
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%		 -
Imports $372 million f.o.b. (2000 est.) -
Imports - commodities consumer goods, intermediate and capital goods, petroleum products -
Imports - partners Singapore, India, Sri Lanka, Japan, Canada -
Independence 26 July 1965 (from UK) -
Industrial production growth rate 4.4% (1996 est.) -
Industries fish processing, tourism, shipping, boat building, coconut processing, garments, woven mats, rope, handicrafts, coral and sand mining -
Infant mortality rate 61.93 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) -
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 3% (2000 est.) -
International organization participation AsDB, C, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, SAARC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WToO, WTrO -
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) -
Irrigated land NA sq km 0 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch High Court -
Labor force 67,000 (1995) (1995) -
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 22%, industry 18%, services 60% (1995) (1995) -
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land: 3.33%


permanent crops: 6.67%


other: 90% (1998 est.)		 arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (all grass and sand) (2001)
Languages Maldivian Dhivehi (dialect of Sinhala, script derived from Arabic), English spoken by most government officials -
Legal system based on Islamic law with admixtures of English common law primarily in commercial matters; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction the laws of the Commonwealth of Australia and the laws of the Northern Territory of Australia, where applicable, apply
Legislative branch unicameral People's Council or Majlis (50 seats; 42 elected by popular vote, 8 appointed by the president; members serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 20 November 1999 (next to be held NA November 2004)


election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 42		 -
Life expectancy at birth total population: 62.93 years


male: 61.72 years


female: 64.2 years (2002 est.)		 -
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 93.2%


male: 93.3%


female: 93% (1995 est.)		 -
Location Southern Asia, group of atolls in the Indian Ocean, south-southwest of India Southeastern Asia, islands in the Indian Ocean, midway between northwestern Australia and Timor island
Map references Asia Southeast Asia
Maritime claims measured from claimed archipelagic baselines


contiguous zone: 24 NM


exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM		 territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 12 nm


continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation


exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine total: 14 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 51,532 GRT/71,298 DWT


ships by type: cargo 13, short-sea passenger 1 (2002 est.)		 -
Military - note - defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force
Military branches National Security Service -
Military expenditures - dollar figure $34.5 million (FY01) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 8.6% (FY01) -
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 74,893 (2002 est.) -
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 41,672 (2002 est.) -
National holiday Independence Day, 26 July (1965) -
Nationality noun: Maldivian(s)


adjective: Maldivian		 -
Natural hazards low level of islands makes them very sensitive to sea level rise surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards
Natural resources fish fish
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) -
People - note - the landing of illegal immigrants from Indonesia's Rote Island has become an ongoing problem
Political parties and leaders although political parties are not banned, none exist -
Political pressure groups and leaders none -
Population 320,165 (July 2002 est.) no indigenous inhabitants


note: Indonesian fishermen are allowed access to the lagoon and fresh water at Ashmore Reef's West Island (July 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% -
Population growth rate 2.95% (2002 est.) -
Ports and harbors Gan, Male none; offshore anchorage only
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 1 (1998) -
Radios 35,000 (1999) -
Railways 0 km -
Religions Sunni Muslim -
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 1.05 male(s)/female


total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2002 est.)		 -
Suffrage 21 years of age; universal -
Telephone system general assessment: minimal domestic and international facilities


domestic: interatoll communication through microwave links; all inhabited islands are connected with telephone and fax service


international: satellite earth station - 3 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)		 -
Telephones - main lines in use 21,000 (1999) -
Telephones - mobile cellular 1,290 (1997) -
Television broadcast stations 1 (1997) -
Terrain flat, with white sandy beaches low with sand and coral
Total fertility rate 5.38 children born/woman (2002 est.) -
Unemployment rate NEGL% -
Waterways none -
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